Projection photogrammetric plotting apparatus



1951 E. SANTONI PROJECTION PHOTOGRAMMETRIC.PLOTTING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 5, 1949 Patented Nov. 6, 1951 PROJECTION PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PLOTTING APPARATUS Ermenegildo Santoni, Florence, Italy In Italy August 28, 1948 Application August 3, 1949, Serial No. 108,398

3 Claims.

The device relates to an apparatus which has the purpose of effecting the plotting of pairs of photograms, either aerial, nadiral and oblique, and terrestral; the whole with a new arrangement and combination of members which make the construction particularly simple in relation to all which are already known.

The apparatus is shown as an embodiment by the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic embodiment of the unit;

Fig. 2 shows a side view with partial sections, in difierent planes, of a form of realization;

Fig. 3 is a partial top view;

Fig. 4 is a partial front view;

Figs. 5 and 6 show details; and

Fig. '7 is a variation of Fig. 5.

As it is to be seen in the schematic Fig. 1, the apparatus is composed of two symmetrical groups, of which the left one, in relation to who is looking at the drawing, is only partially represented and thus it is to be intended complete of the members represented in the right group; a detailed description of this right group will be given. As it is seen in Fig. 1, a base I, by means of a column 2, holds a horizontal-guide 3, along which the slide bx can run. This slide bears an ortogonal guide 4, along which the slide by can run, and the latter, at its turn, bears a vertical guide 5 along which the slide be can run.

The slide be, by means of a bored abutment, holds a tubular axle 6. The axle 6 by means of a side arm 6' bears the axle 6". This axle serves as a support for the arm I which holds the tube 8 and, bent in its upper part, the plate dark slide 9. a

A turntable axle, which bears the universal joint l9, holding the guide rail II, is housed in the inside of the tubular axle 6. The guide rail is extended at its upper section into a tubular form in order to house a small slidable rod H, which ends in a spherical joint [2, which connects the rod to the plate dark slide 9. The arm 7 holds the plate dark slide 9 by means of a system of cross guides, schematically indicated in the drawing by :c--y, so that the plate dark slide be susceptible to move in its own plane without changing the orientation.

The same plate dark slide is inducted to move in the plane x-y by the polar movement of the rod ll around the universal joint Ill. By such movements, the centre of the spherical joint I2 describes a plane which is to be intended as a plane in which, theoretically, the photographic image, of which the plotting is effected,

ought to lie. In effect, the photographic image id is displaced laterally, according to :r: and to y in order to be able to observe it from the bottom up towards the top by means of an optical system, the tubular end 8 of which is held by the same arm 1. An objective OI is placed in the upper section of the tube 8 and a ground glass with the collimating mark m is placed in the lower part. The image of the point pd of the photogram, by means of the objective OI, is formed in correspondence of the mark m.

The position of the members is such that if the plate dark slide 9 is horizontal, the axis of the tube 8 results to be vertical, and if in said condition the guide rail H is brought to a vertical position, the image of the central (main) point of the photogram is formed on the mark m. The conditions of a correct mechanical projection of the photogram thus result to be realized.

The above described arrangement of the members allows to introduce the component bar, by, be of the base, which can be introduced by half in each of the two groups of the instrument.

Furthermore, by means of the rotations around the axle 6 (generally called w) and around the axle 6" (generally called the inclination corresponding to the condition of exposure can be given to the photogram. The value of the swing k is obtained by rotation of the same photogram in its own plane by means of a rotational ring 9'.

The three movements w- 7c are provided of worm screw control members and of angular graduations, not represented, for simplicity of drawing, in Fig. l.

The image of the photogram formed in correspondence of the mark m is brought into the range of the ocular lens 0d by means of the mirror SI, the objective 02, the Amici prism A, the objective O3 and the mirror S2. The optical distances, respectively between the objective O2 and the mark m and the objective O3 and the focal plane of the ocular lens 0d are established, while the distance 02, O3 is variable in consequence of the linear displacements (bar, by, be) and of the angles w p of the plate dark slide. The distance 02, 93 is freely variable for, in this section, the optical beams are parallel. The two guide rails l l and I3 are reunited by a spherical joint [4 to a frame 15, which, as a rule in all the apparatus of this kind, is movable in accordance to the three directions Z--K-Y by means of suitable guides realized with already known arrangements. Their schematic representation thus consequently is limited only in Fig. 1.

Figs. 2, 3, 4 represent, for the left unit, a form of realization of the invention, to which it seems possible to give the preference, but which is not to be considered the sole. The support 2 with the guide 3, the slide bx and the slide by, represented in Fig. 1, are excluded from Figs. 2, 3, 4.

In Fig. 3 the photogram Js is considered like a transparent sheet, in order to render the lower members visible.

The vertical guide is of Fig. 3 corresponds to the vertical guide 5 of Fig. 1. Along the guide IS the support I I (be of Fig. 1) can slide. This support holds the tubular axle I8, which bears, at one end, the fork i8 and at the opposite end the sector IS, on which the worm screw 20, for the introduction of the rotations w, acts. The fork I8 holds the frame 2| which by means of the geared sector 21 and the worm screw 22 can rotate around the axis (p. The worm screw 22 is held by an arm [8, secured to the tube !8.

The frame 2| bears two guides and 2| along which a frame 23 can slide; said frame 23 bears, at its turn, two guides 23, 23" along which the plate 24 can slide; said plate constituting the plate dark slide. The plate 2t can thus slide in the plane according to the described cross movement. Said plate bears an appendix 24, to which the spherical joint 25, holding the spherical end of the pin 25, slid'able in the tube 2T is applied.

The tube 27 is, at its turn, held by the universal joint 23 which results to be concentrical to the intersection of the two axes to, e of rotation of the plate dark slide. Said tube 21 extends downwards into a section 2'." constituted by a hollow cylinder sector, which adheres to the sphere or ball 28 by the action either of a lever 29 or of a spring 35, as it is clearly seen in Fig. 5 the small lever 29 is hinged to a support 29 secured to the pin 15' which holds the sphere 28, and the spring reacts between said small lever 29 and said support 2d. The guide rail ll, corresponding to the right unit, comes to lie against the same sphere 23, on the opposite side.

The photogram is is mounted on the turnable ring 24" in order to give the swing k, as in Fig. 1.

All that is referred to the plane movement of the plate, to the polar movement of the guide rod 21' and to the rotation w, (p, k. is realized by the, aforedescribed members; the whole bein precedently described and illustrated in the schematic Fig. 1.

The same frame 2| holds the tube 3|, which bears upperly the objective 0'! and lowerly the mark in. This tube 3| is turnable around its own axis and bears, by means of a fork, the tube 32 in which the objective O2 is secured. On the same hinging axis of the tubes 3| and 32, is placed the turnable mirror SI, which can automatically receive the half of the relative rotations of the two tubes by means of a differential gear system or an articulated parallelogram of the. already known types, and which thus, is retained unnecessary to describe.

A similar arrangement is provided for the tube 33 which bears the objective 03 for the mirror S2 and for the tube 34 which bears the ocular lens 0d.

The tube 34 is held by the tube 35 by means of a transversal element 3'6 which also holds, in a similar way, the right ocular lens 012. The sliding of the two oculars along the transversal element 36 allows to effect the interpupillar variation. The transversal element 36 is, at itsv turn, held by an arm 3'! borne by the same base I (Fig. 1).

The external tube 38 which holds the Amici prism A serves as a connection of the two tubes 32, 33 in order to complete the optical travel.

The rotation of the Amici prism can be effected by hand, for the convenient rectification oi the orientation relative to the two images in the oculars 0d, Os (Fig. 1).

Fig. 6 represents a means to eifect the adjustment of the apparatus to the focal distance of the shooting camera of the photograms to be utilized. For this purpose the plate 26 bears a threaded hole in which a threaded appendix 25', which is lowerly integral to the member 25" forming the hollow spherical housing of the spherical joint 25 can be, more or less, screwed into.

In Fig. 7 a variation of Fig. 5 is shown, and it is adapted for the introduction of photogrammetric bases of a smallentity; in this example, instead of the only sphere 28 (see Fig. 5), two spheres 28a. and 28b. are providedv and they are conveniently located, each other, at a certain distance and a guide rail respectively H, 21' is brought to lie against each of them. The two spheres 28a, 28b are supported by a pin l5" similar to the pin. 15., of. Fig. 5..

It is intended that the. drawing only constitutes a schematic. form of. example, givenonly as a practical demonstration of the device; said device being susceptible of variations inits forms and arrangements without departing from the ambit of the concept whichv informs the same device.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature: of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

1. A mechanical projection photogrammetric plotting apparatus, composed of two symmetrical sections, each of which comprises a guide rod, universally hinged in the projection centre, a support rotatable around the same centre according to twoorthogonal axes, a cross-slide on said support for holding a frame on which the photogram is mounted; a connection by means of a spherical joint between the upper endof the guide rod and said frame, so that for all the angular movements of the guide rod, there are such corresponding displacements on the cross-slide of the photogram to be in a condition to, bring any point of it in correspondence to an optical system carrier by said support, said apparatus being characterized by the fact that the spherical joint of connection between said guide rod and said photogram-bearing frame is applied to a lateral appendix of-said frame so that the centre of the photogram is displaced'laterally and outwardly (in. accordance to the major component of the stereiscopic base) and on the side of the operator (in accordance to the minor component), the end of said optical system of collimation being brought onto said support of the crossslide, said optical system being arranged under the same photogram and being made up of afirst tube which at the top bears an objective lens and at the bottom a glass with a mark, said first tube holding under the mark, a first boxwhich contains. a first pivotable mirror which rotates for an half of the angle. over. which said first tube anda second tube connected to said first box rotate. relative to each other, said second tube bearing a second. objective and holding a. third coaxial tube, rotatable and slidable on it, and

containing an Amici prism, said third tube being in turn connected to a fourth tube, bearing a third objective and united to a second box, similar to the first, containing a second pivotable mirror, said box being in turn connected to a fifth tube, to which the observation ocular is applied.

2. A mechanical projection photogrammetric plotting apparatus, as described in claim 1, characterized furthermore by the fact that it also comprises: two guide rods, formed in the lower part by hollow cylinder sectors, single sphere (the centre of which represents the plotted point) borne by a support movable in accordance with three spacial directions X, Y, Z; spring means arranged so as to keep said lower hollow cylinder sector-shaped parts of said guide rods in contact against said sphere,

3. A mechanical projection photogrammatic plotting apparatus, as described in claim 1, characterized furthermore by the fact that it also comprises: said guide rods formed in the lower section by hollow cylinder sectors, two spheres spaced apart from each other; spring means arranged so as to keep said lower hollow cylinder sector-shaped parts of said guide rods in contact against each of said spheres.

ERMENEGILDO SAN'I'ONI.

REFERENES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

